ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with important human diseases, including infectious mononucleosis syndrome, malignant lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mechanism of EBV entry into host cells remains a subject of intensive research. After decades of study, researchers have identified several key proteins and different patterns of EBV intrusion into host cells. The viral surface glycoproteins, gp350/220, gp42, gB, gH, and gL, are involved in interactions with the CR2 receptor on the surface of B lymphocytes during viral entry. However, the majority of epithelial cells lack CR2 receptor expression, which makes viral invasion much more complex than in B lymphocytes. Three different models have been proposed to explain how EBV enters epithelial cells: (1) "transfer of infection", mediated by B lymphocytes or Langerhans cells; (2) EBV utilizes its own proteins during the process of fusion with the cell membrane; and (3) progeny virions arising from EBV-infected epithelial cells cross lateral membranes into adjacent epithelial cells. This review will discuss the relevant mechanism of viral entry into B lymphocytes and epithelial cells during EBV infection.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , B-Lymphocytes , Virology , Epithelial Cells , Virology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Virology , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Genetics , Physiology , Viral Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Virus InternalizationABSTRACT
Objective The Augmentation index(AI)is an indicator of pulse wave reflections.To under- stand the validity of AI in the elderly,we studied the determinants of AI in an elderly population.Methods All subjects older than 70 years living in Zhaoxiang Town,Qingpu District,Shanghai were recruited.Pulse wave a- nalysis at the left radial artery was performed by using Omron HEMg000AI device.The augmentation index (AI)adjusting for a heart rate of 75 beats/min was used for statistical analysis.Results One thousand two hun- dred eighty-six participants included 761(59 %)women,and 815(63 %)hypertensive patients with average age 76.3 years participate the study.Women had a significant higher AI than men(90.3% versus 85.8%,P